Malingaliro a kampani Shenyang Huifeng Petrochemical Co., Ltd.

Okondedwa makasitomala, Mwina mwaona kuti posachedwapa "kuwongolera kawiri kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphamvu" kwakhudza mphamvu ya opanga ena, ndipo tsiku lopereka maoda m'mafakitale ena liyenera kuchedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, General Office of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China idatulutsa mu Seputembala "Madera Ofunikira mu 2021-2022 Autumn ndi Zima Air kuipitsidwa kwadongosolo (kukonza)," nyengo yophukira ndi yozizira, mafakitale ena adzayang'ana kwambiri. pa, mphamvu ikhoza kuchepetsedwa. Kuti muchepetse zotsatira za chiletsochi, tikukulimbikitsani kuti muyike oda yanu mwachangu momwe mungathere kuti tikonzekere mzere wopanga pasadakhale ndikuwonetsetsa kuti dongosolo lanu litha kuperekedwa pa nthawi yake. Zabwino zonse! Malingaliro a kampani Shenyang Huifeng Petrochemical Co., Ltd

Makampani opanga zida zapanyumba adachotseratu firiji ya R22 powerengera Malinga ndi Montreal Protocol, refrigerant ya R22 yayimitsidwa m'maiko otukuka ndipo imatha kupangidwabe m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene, koma tsiku lomaliza kupanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndi 2030. Pa Januware 26, 2021, Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ndi Zachilengedwe udapereka Chidziwitso Chokhudza Kutulutsidwa kwa 2021 Kupanga, Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kulowetsa Zinthu za Ozone Depleting Substances (zomwe zimatchedwa Chidziwitso). Malinga ndi Lamulo la People's Republic of China pa Kupewa ndi Kuwongolera Kuwonongeka kwa Air, Malamulo pa Kasamalidwe ka Zinthu Zomwe Zimachepetsa Ozone Layer ndi zina zofunikira, mabizinesi 20 adzapatsidwa gawo lopanga matani 292,795 a hydrochlorofluorocarbons ( HCFC) mu 2021, ndipo magawo 46 adzapatsidwa kuchuluka kwa matani 31,726 a hydrochlorofluorocarbons mu 2021. Poyerekeza ndi 2020, kuchuluka kwa ma hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCS) kuphatikiza HCFC-22 sikudzasintha mu 2021, pomwe kuchuluka kwa ntchito kudzachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndikuchotsanso HCFCS mumakampani aku China opangira zida zamagetsi. Gawo lopangira hCFC-containing (HCFC) lidzaperekedwa kwa hCFC-141B, HCFC-142B, HCFC-22, HCFC-123, HCFC-124 ndi HCFC-133A. Pakati pawo, HCFC-141B ndi chopangira thovu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mufiriji ndi mafakitale otenthetsera madzi. Pamene makina opangira thovu m'makampani a firiji asinthidwa kukhala HFC-245FA + cyclopentane foaming system, ndipo pa Januware 1, 2019, makampani otenthetsera madzi aletsa kugwiritsa ntchito HCFC-141B. Hcfc-141b yagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono m'makampani opanga zida zapakhomo. Chiwerengero chonse cha hCFC-141B mu 2021 ndi matani 50,878, osasinthika kuchokera mu 2020. Poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanga kwa HCFC-22, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa hCFC-22 mumakampani opanga mpweya wapanyumba mu 2021 ndi matani 31,726, kuchepa kwa matani 3,489 kuchokera ku matani 35,215 mu 2020. Izi zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa firiji mufiriji mu makampani opanga mpweya wapanyumba. Gawo lamsika la ma air conditioner a HCFC-22 pamakampani opanga mpweya wapanyumba linali pafupifupi 20% mu 2019, ndipo gawoli lipitilira kutsika mu 2020. Makampani opanga mpweya waku China apanga bwino kwambiri pakuchotsa HCFC-22. HCFC-22 phase-out management strategy for the Domestic air conditioning industry ku China kuyambira 2021 mpaka 2026 yavomerezedwa ndi Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund, ndipo yadzipereka kuthetsa 70% ya hCFC-22 kugwiritsa ntchito pofika 2026, yomwe. ndi zochuluka kuposa zomwe zimafunidwa ndi ndondomeko ya Montreal Protocol kuti akwaniritse kuchepetsa hCFC-22. Tidzathandiza kwambiri kuti dziko la China likhazikitse ndondomeko ya Montreal Protocol.

N-hexane ndi madzi opanda mtundu okhala ndi kawopsedwe kochepa komanso fungo lofooka lapadera. N-hexane ndi mankhwala osungunulira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosungunulira cha olefin polymerization monga propylene, extractant for edible oil oil, chosungunulira mphira ndi utoto, ndi chosungunulira cha inki. Ili ndi kawopsedwe kena ndipo imalowa m'thupi la munthu kudzera munjira yopuma komanso pakhungu. Kuwonekera kwa nthawi yaitali kungayambitse zizindikiro za poizoni monga mutu, chizungulire, kutopa, ndi dzanzi m'manja, zomwe zingayambitse kukomoka, kutaya chidziwitso, khansa ngakhale imfa. N-hexane amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati zosungunulira m'makampani pokonza viscose kuti amangire zikopa za nsapato, katundu, Hexane Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popukuta ndi kuyeretsa popanga makampani azidziwitso zamagetsi, komanso kutulutsa mafuta osakanizika m'makampani opanga zakudya [1], kubwezeretsedwa kwa propylene zosungunulira mukupanga mapulasitiki, zida zochotsa pakuyesa kwamankhwala (monga kuyesa kwa phosgene). ), komanso kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Hexane imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mafakitale monga zosungunulira zamaluwa popanga mankhwala. Ngati kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, ndikosavuta kuyambitsa poizoni pantchito

N-Heptane (dzina lachingerezi n-Heptane) ndi madzi opanda mtundu, osasunthika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati mulingo wodziwira nambala ya octane, ndipo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati mankhwala oletsa ululu, zosungunulira, zopangira za organic synthesis, komanso kukonza zoyeserera zoyeserera. Heptane iyenera Kusungidwa m'nyumba yozizira komanso yolowera mpweya. Khalani kutali ndi moto ndi kutentha. Kutentha kwa nkhokwe sikuyenera kupitirira 30 ° C. Sungani chidebe chosindikizidwa. ziyenera kusungidwa kutali ndi oxidizer, osasunga pamodzi. Zowunikira zosaphulika komanso mpweya wabwino zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina ndi zida zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuphulika. Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi zida zoperekera chithandizo chadzidzidzi zadzidzidzi komanso zida zoyenera zosungira.

N-Pentane, formula ya mankhwala C 5 H 12 , membala wachisanu wa alkane. N-pentane ili ndi ma isomers awiri: isopentane (malo otentha 28 ° C) ndi neopentane (mfundo yowira 10 ° C), mawu akuti "pentane" nthawi zambiri amatanthauza n-pentane, isomer yake yozungulira. Kugwiritsa ntchito pentane yachibadwa 1. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosungunulira chotsika chowiritsa, pulasitiki ya mafakitale opangira thovu, ndipo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito limodzi ndi 2-methylbutane ngati mafuta agalimoto ndi ndege, popanga ayezi wopangira, mankhwala opha ululu, kupanga pentanol, isopentane, ndi monga. 2. Miyezo ya kusanthula kwa chromatographic ya gasi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala oletsa ululu, zosungunulira, cryogenic thermometer, komanso kupanga ayezi, pentanol, isopentane, ndi zina zotero. 3. Pokonzekera mpweya wokhazikika, mpweya wa calibration komanso monga molecular sieve desorbent. 4. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosungunulira, gas chromatography reference solution ndi anesthetic. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga organic synthesis komanso kupanga ma cryogenic thermometers. 5. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosungunulira kupanga ayezi wopangira, mankhwala opha ululu, ndi kupanga pentanol, isopentane, ndi zina zotero.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri n-hexane N-hexane ndi zabwino zosungunulira zopanda poizoni, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa mafuta a masamba, butyl, butadiene rabara organic synthesis, propylene, olefin polymerization, intermediates pharmaceutical, paint thiners, ndi kuyeretsa zitsulo pamwamba pa zida zamakina. Kukula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa n-hexane Msika waukulu wa n-hexane umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani opanga mafuta a masamba, omwe amapitilira 60% ya kuchuluka konse kwa n-hexane. Ntchito zambiri zotsalira zili m'mafakitale a rabara ndi mankhwala. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1960, maiko otukuka a Kumadzulo monga ku Ulaya ndi United States nthaŵi zambiri ankalimbikitsa “njira ya leaching” pakupanga mafuta a masamba. Kuphatikiza pakuchotsa mafuta pang'ono, mafuta odyedwa padziko lonse lapansi opangidwa ndi "njira yotsitsa" atenga 95% ya msika. Pakadali pano, popanga mafuta odyedwa padziko lonse lapansi, n-hexane ndiye chosungunulira chachikulu popanga mafuta odyedwa. Zachidziwikire, makampani ochepa amafuta ku Japan ndi South Korea amagwiritsa ntchito isohexane ngati zosungunulira. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, China idayamba kulimbikitsa mwamphamvu kugwiritsa ntchito n-hexane ngati chosungunulira chamafuta a masamba. Makhalidwe a hexane leaching process: Mtundu wa distillation wa hexane ndi waufupi, zosungunulira ndi zovulaza zimatenthedwa bwino, zakudya zamafuta amasamba sizimawonongeka ndi kutentha kwakukulu, chitetezo chamafuta odyedwa chimakulitsidwa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira zochepa, kutsika. zotsalira, zokolola zambiri zamafuta, zosavuta kupanga mafakitale. Pakadali pano, makampani aku China omwe amapeza ndalama zothandizira ndalama komanso ophatikizana komanso opangira mafuta achinsinsi amagwiritsa ntchito n-hexane ngati chosungunulira. Makampaniwa amapanga mafuta opitilira 90% pamsika wapakhomo. Kugwiritsa ntchito n-hexane ngati zosungunulira zosungunulira zamasamba ndizofunikira kwambiri boma pamakampani opanga mafuta odyeka komanso miyezo yapamwamba yazinthu. Chifukwa chake, n-hexane yakhala chinthu chosungunulira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza mafuta, omwenso ndi hexane yapakhomo komanso yakunja m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kuposa No. 6 zosungunulira mafuta, butane ndi zosungunulira ena akhala ofunika kwambiri mitundu ya masamba mafuta leaching zosungunulira. Mfundo ina ndi yakuti mumakampani opanga mafuta a masamba, n-hexane ali ndi gawo lapadera komanso losasinthika. N-hexane ali ndi mutu wa "mfumu ya m'zigawo". Pakadali pano, palibe zosungunulira zomwe zatha kupitilira n-hexane pochotsa.

Njira yopanga N-hexane Zambiri za hexane zakunja zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatsira ma molecular sieve, monga Richfielcd (Richfield) ndi Watson (Watson) ku United States, pogwiritsa ntchito raffinate yopangidwanso ngati zopangira, pokonzanso mabedi awiri kapena kuposerapo kuti adsorption. Dinani desorption kuti mupange n-hexane. Ambiri opanga hexane apakhomo amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya hydrogenation distillation, yomwe imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: Choyamba, hydrogenation ndiye kukonza. Amatchedwanso chisanadze hydrogenation, zopangira ndi mkangano ndi kutentha kuwombola, kufika anachita kutentha, amalowa hydrogenation riyakitala, desulfurization ndi dearomatization anachita pansi pa zochita za chothandizira, zosungunulira mafuta ndi osakaniza wa hydrogen kulowa mu thanki kulekana kwa kulekana. , hydrogen kuchira, zosungunulira mafuta mu fractionation nsanja Dulani mu zomalizidwa. Nthawi zambiri, pambuyo hydrogenation ya zopangira, akadali fractionated ndi kudula mu n-hexane, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zosungunulira mafuta. Ubwino wake ndiwakuti zida zonse ndizochepa komanso zatha, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chilichonse. Choyipa chake ndi chakuti ndalamazo zimakhala zazikulu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri. Chachiwiri, rectification ndiye hydrogenation. Zomwe zimatchedwanso post-hydrogenation, pa nkhani ya n-hexane, zopangira zimadulidwa koyamba mu hexane yaiwisi ya 66-69 distillation range, chiyero cha hexane yaiwisi chimakhala bwino kwambiri, ndipo popeza gulu la phenyl ndi zomwe zili mu n-hexane, hexane mu hexane yaiwisi Zomwe zili nazo zimachulukitsidwa kwambiri, kenako zimayikidwa ndi hydrodebenzene desulfurization kuti apange n-hexane wapamwamba kwambiri. Ubwino wake ndikuti ndalamazo ndizochepa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu kumakhala kochepa. Choyipa ndichakuti gawo la unhydrogenated siligwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.

Mtundu wa distillation wamafuta amafuta umagwirizana ndi zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati mtundu wa distillation ukukwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo wazogulitsa, zikuwonetsa kuti zomwe zili muzinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mtundu wa distillation ndi chimodzi mwazowonetsa zabwino. Kuwira koyamba: Pamene dontho loyamba la condensate likudontha kuchokera kumapeto kwa chubu la condenser, kuwerenga kwa thermometer kumawonekera nthawi yomweyo. Pouma: Dontho lomaliza lamadzimadzi lomwe limatuluka mu condenser nthawi yomweyo madzi omwe ali mu botolo la distillation amasanduka nthunzi nthawi yomweyo. Panthawi imeneyi, kuwerenga kwa thermometer kumawonedwa nthawi yomweyo. Komabe, sizimaphatikizapo madontho kapena mafilimu amadzimadzi pamakoma a botolo la distillation kapena pa chipangizo choyezera kutentha. Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti malo owuma si malo otentha omaliza, ndipo malo otentha omaliza ndi kutentha kwambiri, komwe kumachitika madzi onse pansi pa botolo la distillation atasungunuka. Tiyeneranso kutsindika kuti mafuta onse osungunulira amachokera ku mawanga owuma. Zotsalira: Zikauma, gawo lomwe silinasungunuke limatchedwa zotsalira. Distillation range: Kutentha kumasiyana kuchokera pa nsonga yowira mpaka pouma kapena pomaliza kuwira, yotchedwa distillation range. Malo owira siwoyamba kuwira, ndipo malo otentha ndi kutentha pa nthawi yowira. Kuwiritsa sikulinso mtundu wa distillation, ndipo mtundu wowira ndi malire a kutentha kwa kuwira. Pokhapokha kuwira, nthunzi imapangidwa kuti isungunuke zinthu zolekanitsidwa, kotero kuti ma distillation osiyanasiyana ndi apamwamba kuposa owiritsa, ndipo malire apamwamba a kuwira ndi malire apansi a distillation osiyanasiyana amangochitika mwangozi. Lingaliro la zida zoyera zokha ndi zomwe zingasinthidwe. Malo owola: Kuwerengera kwa thermometer komwe kumayenderana ndi zizindikiro zoyamba za kuwola kwamadzi mu botolo la distillation. Peresenti yakuchira: Kuchuluka kwa voliyumu ya condensate yowonedwa mu silinda yolandirira poyang'ana kuwerenga kwa thermometer. Peresenti Yotsalira: Chiwerengero cha peresenti ya mafuta otsalira otsalira mu botolo pambuyo poti distillation itazirala. Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchira: Chifukwa cha kutha msanga kwa distillation pamalo ovunda, gawo lofananira lochira la kuchuluka kwamadzi omwe adalandira limalembedwa. Peresenti yonse yochira: Chiwerengero cha kuchuluka kwa kuchira ndi gawo lotsalira. Kuchuluka kwa evaporation: kuchuluka kwa kuchira komanso kutaya kwathunthu. Kutayika kwa chigawo chowala: Kutanthawuza kutayika kwa kutentha kwa chitsanzo chomwe chinasamutsidwa kuchokera ku silinda yolandirira kupita ku botolo la distillation, kutaya kwa evaporation kwa chitsanzo pa nthawi ya distillation, ndi kutayika kwa nthunzi wosasunthika mu botolo la distillation kumapeto kwa distillation.

Chiwonetsero chomwe chikubwera ku China chidzathandiza Houston kuwonjezera mgwirizano wake wamalonda ndi China, mkulu wa zamalonda ku Houston, US State of Texas, adatero poyankhulana ndi Xinhua. Horacio Licon, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa Greater Houston Partnership, bungwe lachitukuko chachuma lomwe likugwira ntchito kudera la Greater Houston, adauza Xinhua kuti chiwonetserochi ndi mwayi waukulu kuti Houston apitilize kukulitsa ubale wake wamalonda ndi China. "Uwu ndi mwayi waukulu wogwira ntchito ndi msika wofunikira kwambiri," adatero Licon. "China ndi chuma chachiwiri chachikulu padziko lonse lapansi. Ndilo bwenzi lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri la malonda ku Houston. Choncho chirichonse chomwe chimatithandiza kuonjezera ubale umenewo ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa ife." Chiwonetsero choyamba cha China International Import Expo (CIIE) chidzachitika kuyambira Nov 5 mpaka 10 ku Shanghai, umodzi mwamizinda yayikulu kwambiri ku China yokhala ndi anthu komanso malo azachuma padziko lonse lapansi. Monga chionetsero choyambirira cha zotengera kumayiko ena padziko lonse lapansi, CIIE ikuwonetsa kusintha kwachitukuko chachuma cha China kuchoka ku zotumiza kunja kupita ku kusanja kutengera ndi kutumiza kunja. Akuyembekezeka kupereka chithandizo cholimba pakugulitsa kumasula komanso kudalirana kwachuma, ndikutsegulira msika waku China padziko lonse lapansi. Ofufuza akukhulupirira kuti polimbana ndi kutetezedwa kwa malonda padziko lonse, chiwonetserochi chikugwirizana ndi zomwe dziko la China layesetsa kwa nthawi yayitali kuti lipindule ndi kulimbikitsa malonda aulere. Licon adati nsanja yamtunduwu ndiyofunikira pakali pano, makamaka panthawi yomwe China ndi United States zili ndi mikangano yamalonda. "Pali kufunika kokhalabe odziwa zosintha zaposachedwa zomwe tikuyenera kutsatira kuti zinthuzo zifikire makasitomala awo," adatero Licon. "Choncho m'malo motaya mtengo, ndikuganiza kuti chochitika chamtunduwu ndichofunika kwambiri tsopano." Mwezi wamawa, Licon adzapita ku Shanghai, kutsogolera gulu la nthumwi 15 zoimira makampani 12, omwe amaphatikizapo mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga teknoloji, kupanga, mphamvu ndi kayendetsedwe ka zinthu. Licon adati akufuna kufufuza ndikumvetsetsa zambiri zamalonda ku China kudzera papulatifomu. "Tili ndi chiyembekezo pakumvetsetsa ndi kumva mwachindunji kuchokera kwa anzathu aku China omwe ali m'mabungwe apadera komanso mbali ya boma, mauthenga okhudza tsogolo la malonda aku China, momwe boma likuwonera tsogolo la malonda aku China komanso momwe Houston adzasewera. gawo mu ubalewu," adatero Licon. Chaka chino ndi chaka cha 40 cha kusintha kwa China ndikutsegula ndondomeko, chifukwa chomwe ubale pakati pa Houston ndi China unayambira, Licon adatero. "Apa ndipamene ubale wapakati pa Houston ndi China udayamba kunena mbiri yakale," adatero Licon. "Chifukwa chake ndi ubale watsopano ndipo ndiwofunikira kwambiri pazachuma kumakampani athu komanso pazogulitsa zathu, ogwira ntchito kapena madoko kapena ma eyapoti." Malinga ndi Licon, malonda onse pakati pa Houston ndi China chaka chatha anali madola 18.8 biliyoni aku US. Ndipo m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira ya 2018, malonda apawiri afika pafupifupi madola mabiliyoni 13. Iye adati akuyembekeza kuti chiwerengerochi chipitirire kukula. "Tikuyembekezera kukula kwina mu 2018," adatero Licon. "Ndi nkhani yatsopano. Tili ndi zomwe tingapereke. Choncho, nkhaniyi yaposachedwapa idzapitirizabe kukula ndipo osachepera ziwerengero zikuwonetsa nkhani yabwino." Licon akuyembekeza kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa Houston ndi China. Anati Houston ali ndi malonda abwino kwambiri ndi China ngati mzinda. Akuyembekeza kuti makampani ambiri aku China abwera kudzagwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe zilipo. "Tikuyesera kupeza njira zopititsira patsogolo mgwirizano ndikukulitsa malonda m'njira yomwe imagwirira ntchito maphwando onse," adatero Licon.